Understanding Secularism with notes (हिंदी में) || Class 8 Chapter 2 Political Science ||

Chapter – 2 Class – 8

Understanding Secularism

Secularism (धर्म-निरपेक्षता)

1.       India adopted a strategy of separating (अलग करना) the power of religion (धर्म) and the power of the State.

2.       It means not to interfere (दखल देना) of religious matters relating to politics, society, education etc

3.       A secular country does not promote any particular religion.

4.       E.g. in Germany, Hitler persecuted (अत्याचार करना) on Jews (यहूदी) & several millions were killed on the basis of religion

5.       In Jewish State of Israel treats its own Muslim and Christian minorities quite badly.

6.       In Saudi Arabia, non-Muslims are not allowed to build a temple, church etc.,

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Why is it Important to Separate Religion from the State?

1.       If this majority religious group has access (पहुँच) to State power, then it could quite easily use this power and financial resources to discriminate (पक्षपात करना) and persecute (अत्याचार करना) persons of other religions.

2.       There are three reasons as given below

·         Smooth functioning of democracy – For proper working of the democratic system, it is important to separate religion from state.

·         To protect fundamental rights – To preserve (सुरक्षित रखना) the liberty (आजादी) of all citizens & everyone should be free to join or leave any religion

·         To preserve India’s unity (एकता) – Our constitution gave equal importance to all religions

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Secularism in India

1.       According to the Constitution, only a secular State can realise its objectives (उद्देश्य) to ensure the following:

·         One religious community does not dominate (अधिकार रखना) another;

·         Some members do not dominate other members of the same religious community;

·         State does not enforce (थोपना) any particular religion nor take away (घटाना) the religious freedom of individuals.

2.       The Indian State works in various ways to prevent (रोकना) the above domination.

3.       First, Indian state does not support any religion

4.       Second, to promote the idea of secularism is through the policy of non-interference (बीच में न आना).

5.       It means that government respects the outlook (दृष्टिकोण) of all religious communities & does not interfere in their customs (रिवाज) & practices (पेशा).

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Comparison between India & other democratic countries

1.       Like the India constitution, American constitution declares that there is no official religion & no religion can be given special status from the state.

2.       American constitution strictly prohibits (मना करना) both the state & religion from interfering in each other’s affairs

3.       The Indian government intervenes (हस्तक्षेप करना) in religious affairs also if the practices are unjust (अन्यायपूर्ण) & exploitation (शोषण) of the weaker section of the society.

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