What where how and when with notes + Que Ans (हिंदी में) || Class 6 Chapter 1 History ||
Class 6,
Chapter 1
WHAT,
WHERE, HOW AND WHEN
1.
Gaining of the knowledge from the study of
the past is called History.
2.
People who describe the past are known as
historians.
3.
The science of exploring (खोजना) & digging (खुदाई करना) the remains (अवशेष) of the past is called archaeology
6.
The written records mentioned on stone or any
other hard surface that provide important informations about kings, queens and
their kingdoms etc are called inscriptions (अभिलेख)
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What can we know about the past?
1. What people ate, the kinds of clothes they
wore, the houses in which they lived.
2.
Lives of
hunters (शिकारी),
herders (पशुचारक),
farmers, rulers, merchants (व्यापारी), priests
(पादरी), crafts
persons, artists, musicians, and scientists
3. Games children played, the stories they
heard, the plays they saw, and the songs they sang.
Where
did people live?
2. Some
of the earliest people were gatherers
(gathering their food).
3. They
knew about the plants in the forests, and collected roots (जड़), fruits and other forest produce
for their food.
4.
They also hunted animals.
Sulaiman
and Kirthar hills to the northwest
Garo
hills to the north-east and the Vindhyas in central India
1.
These were some of the other areas
where agriculture developed.
2.
Rice was first grown are to the
north of the Vindhyas.
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Trace
the river Indus and its tributaries
1.
About 4700 years ago, some of the
earliest cities
flourished (समृद्ध होना) on the banks of these rivers.
2.
Later, about 2500 years ago, cities
developed on the banks of the Ganga and its tributaries, and along the sea
coasts.
Ganga
and its tributary (Son)
1.
In ancient (प्राचीन)
times the area, south of the Ganga was known as Magadha now
lying in the state of Bihar
2. Its
rulers were very powerful, and set up a large kingdom & also extended (बढ़ाना) in other parts of the country.
3. People
travelled from
one part to another through the Himalayas, deserts, rivers and seas made
journeys dangerous.
4. People
also moved in search of livelihood (रोज़गार)
or from natural disasters (विनाश) like floods (बाढ़) or droughts (सुखा).
5. Merchants
travelled with ships, carrying valuable goods from place to place.
6.
Religious (धार्मिक) teachers walked from village to
village, town to town, to give instruction and advice on the way.
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Why
do people travel nowadays?
1.
In ancient time Hills, mountains and
seas were difficult to cross it but some crossed it and settled here.
3.
People have shared new ways of
carving (तराशना) stone, composing music, and even
cooking food with each others.
Names
of the land
1.
Two of the words we often use for
our country are India and Bharat.
2. The
word India comes from the Indus, called Sindhu in Sanskrit.
3. The
Iranians and the Greeks came through the northwest and were familiar with the
Indus & they called it the Hindos or the Indos, and the land to the east of
the river was called India.
4.
The name Bharata was used for a
group of people who lived in the northwest and who are mentioned in the Rigveda
& Later it was used for the country.
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Finding
out about the past
1.
One way to search and read books that
was written long ago.
2. These
are called manuscripts,
because they were written by hand (Latin word ‘manu’, meaning hand).
3. These
were usually written on palm (ताड़ का पेड़) leaf, or on the specially prepared
bark of a tree (वृक्ष की छाल) known as the birch.
4. Many
manuscripts were eaten by insects (कीड़ा),
some were destroyed, but many have survived, often preserved (सुरक्षित रखना) in temples and monasteries (आश्रम).
5. These
books dealt with all kinds of subjects: religious beliefs and practices, the
lives of kings, medicine and science.
7. Many
of these were written in Sanskrit, others were in Prakrit (languages used by
ordinary people) and Tamil.
8. Besides
these, Inscriptions are written on hard surfaces like stone or metal.
9. Sometimes,
kings got their orders inscribed so that people could see, read and obey them.
10. There
are other kinds of inscriptions as well, where men and women (including kings
and queens) recorded what they did.
Advantages of writing on a hard surface
1. People who study these objects are called archaeologists.
2.
They study
the remains (अवशेष) of
buildings made of stone and brick, paintings and sculpture (मूर्ति).
3.
They also
explore (खोजना) and excavate (खोदना) to find
tools, weapons (हथियार),
pots, pans, ornaments (आभूषण) and
coins.
5. Archaeologists also look for bones of
animals, birds, and fish to find out what people ate in the past.
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What
do dates mean?
1.
We take the year of birth of Jesus
Christ as zero.
2. So,
2000 means 2000 years after the birth of Christ & expressed in AD (Anno
Domini means in the year of the Lord) like AD 2020 or CE (Common Era).
3.
All dates before the birth of Christ
are counted backwards and usually have the letters BC (Before Christ) added on
like 300 BC or BCE (Before Common Era).
1) Match the following
Narmada Valley Hunting and gathering
Magadha The first big
kingdom
Garo hills early agriculture
Indus and its tributaries the first cities
Ganga Valley Cities about 2500 years ago
2) List one major difference between
manuscripts and inscriptions.
Manuscripts
were usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree
known as the birch
Inscriptions
are written on hard surfaces like stone or metal
3) Make a list of all the objects
that archaeologists may find. Which of these could be made of stone?
Objects – Potteries, tools,
skeletons, toys, clothes, statues, pots, pans & ornaments
Out of these statues, ornaments
& Potteries are formed from stone
4) Why do you think ordinary men and
women did not generally keep records of what they did?
They did not have enough time
Their life was full of difficulties
5) Describe at least two ways in
which you think the lives of kings would have been different from those of
farmers.
Farmers
|
Kings
|
1. life
was full of difficulties
|
1. life
was comfortable
|
2. They
had to work in the field to grow food
grains
|
2. They
had not to work in the field
|
Plz sir upload PDF file
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