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Class - 10, Chapter - 1
Resources & Development
Resources
1.       Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs
2.       E.g. Minerals, Forest, Water, land, air
3.       Resource should be technologically accessible - Should have the equipment to reach easily, economically feasible (संभव) - have money to get easily with profit and culturally (सांस्कृतिक रूप से)  acceptable resources must not be under the religious (धार्मिक) places which hurts the people.
Classification of Resources
On the Basis of Origin
1.       Biotic Resources: These are obtained from living things and have life such as human beings, flora (वनस्पति) and fauna (जीवजंतु), fisheries, livestock (पशुधन) etc.
2.       Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed (रचना) of non-living things are called abiotic resources. E.g., rocks and metals
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On the Basis of Exhaustibility
Renewable Resources:
1.       The resources which can be renewed or reproduced are known as renewable or replenishable resources.
2.       E.g., solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife (वन्य जीव-जंतु) etc.
Non-Renewable Resources:
1.       It takes a very long geological time.
2.       E.g. Minerals and fossil fuels
3.       These resources take millions of years in their formation.
4.       Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted (समाप्त कर देना) with their use.
On the Basis of Ownership
Individual Resources:-
1.       These are also owned privately by individuals.
2.       Many farmers own (मालिक होना) land which is given to them by government & pay tax.
3.       In villages there are people with land ownership (स्वामित्व) but there are many who are landless.
4.       Urban people own (मालिक होना) plots, houses and other property.
5.       Plantation (बाग), pasture (चारागाह) lands, ponds (तालाब), water in wells etc. are some of the examples of resources ownership by individuals.


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Community Owned Resources: -
1.       There are resources which are available to all the members of the community.
2.       Village commons (grazing (चरागाह) grounds, burial (दफन करना) grounds, village ponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are available to all the people living there.
National Resources:-
1.       Technically, all the resources belong to the nation.
2.       The country has legal (कानूनी) powers to acquire (प्राप्त करना) even ...
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