Power sharing with notes || Class 10 Chapter 1 Politics ||
Chapter – 1, Class - 10
Power sharing
Belgium and Sri Lanka
1. Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller in area than the
state of Haryana.
2. Its borders touch with France, Netherlands, Germany and
Luxembourg.
3. It has a population of a little over one crore, about half the
population of Haryana.
5. Of the country’s total population, 59 % lives in the Flemish
region and speaks Dutch language.
6. Another 40 % people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.
7. Remaining 1 % of the Belgians speak German.
8. In the capital city Brussels, 80 % people speak French while 20 %
are Dutch speaking.
10. Dutch-speaking community was angry for this who got the benefit of
economic development and education much later.
11. This
led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.
12. This tension was seen more in Brussels.
13. Dutch-speaking
people constituted a majority in the country,
but were poor & weak.
14. Let
us compare this to the situation in another
country.
15. Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometers off the southern coast of Tamil Nadu.
16. It
has about 2 crore people, about the same as in
Haryana.
17. The
major social groups are the Sinhala-speakers
(74 %) and the Tamil-speakers (18 %).
18. Among
Tamils there are two subgroups.
20. The
rest, whose forefathers (पूर्वज) came from India as plantation workers
during colonial period, are called ‘Indian Tamils’.
21. As
shown in map, Sri Lankan Tamils are populated in the north and east of the
country.
22. Most
of the Sinhala speaking people are Buddhists, while most of the Tamils are
Hindus or Muslims.
23. Just
imagine what could happen in situations like this.
24. In
Belgium, the Dutch community could take advantage of its numeric majority (बहुसंख्यक) and force its will on the French and
German-speaking population.
26. This
could lead to partition (बँटवारा) of the country; both the sides would
claim (दावा करना) control over Brussels.
27. In
Sri Lanka, the Sinhala community enjoyed an even bigger majority and could
impose (थोपना) its will (इच्छा) on the entire country.
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Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
1. Sri Lanka got independence country in 1948.
2. The leaders of the Sinhala community tried to secure dominance (प्रधानता) over government by power of
their majority.
3. As a result, the democratically elected government with the help
of majority to establish Sinhala supremacy (प्रभुता)
4. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise (मान्यता देना) Sinhala as the only official
language, thus ignoring Tamil.
5. The governments also started policies to give preference to
Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
6. A new constitution insured (गारंटी देना) that the state shall protect and promote (बढ़ावा देना) Buddhism.
7. All these government measures gradually (धीरे-धीरे) increased the differences among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
8. They felt that none of the major political parties of Sinhala
leaders was sensitive (संवेदनशील) to their language and culture.
9. They felt that the constitution and government
policies denied (इनकार करना) them equal political
rights, discriminated (अंतर करना)
against them in getting jobs and other opportunities.
10. As
a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained (तनावपूर्ण)
over time.
11. The
Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties
and struggles for the recognition (पहचान) of
Tamil as an official language, for regional
autonomy and equality of opportunity
in education and jobs.
12. But
their demand for more autonomy
to provinces (प्रांत) populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied (इनकार करना).
13. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.
15. It soon turned into a CIVIL WAR.
16. As a result thousands of people of both the communities have been
killed.
17. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more
lost their livelihoods (रोजगार).
18. This civil war has ...
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Nice notes sir
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