Motion of the Earth
Motion of
the Earth notes || Class 6 Chapter 3 Geography ||
Chapter – 3
MOTIONS OF THE EARTH
Important Points
1.
Rotation – It is the movement of the earth on its axis in about 24 hours.
2.
Revolution – The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed
path or orbit in a period of one year.
4.
Solstices – position of the earth in its orbit on 21 June and 22
December
5.
Equinoxes – position of the earth in its orbit on 21 March and
23 September
6.
Aphelion – position of the earth on 4 July of every year when
the distance between earth and the sun is maximum (151 million km or 15.1 crore
km)
7.
Perihelion - position of the earth on 4 January every year when
the distance between earth and the sun is minimum (146 million km or 14.6 crore
km)
Rotation of the Earth
1.
Rotation is the movement of the earth on its own axis while
revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path called
its orbit.
2.
Earth’s axis is inclined from the vertical line at an angle of
23.50 & makes an angle 66.50 with its orbital plane.
3.
The earth is always remains tilted to one side while moving
around the sun & this tilt (झुकाव) is called
inclination of the earth’s axis.
4.
The earth takes about 24 hours (rotates at 1670 km/hr in 23 hr 56 min 4 sec) to complete one
rotation around its axis.
5.
The period of rotation is known as the earth day.
The Circle of Illumination
1.
The earth has spherical shape & receives light from the sun.
2.
So that only half portion gets light from the sun at a time.
3.
The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half
away from the sun experiences night.
4.
The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is
called the circle
of illumination (प्रकाशन).
Revolution of the earth
1.
The motion of the earth (29.85 km/s) around the sun in its orbit
is called revolution.
2.
This orbit generally in elliptical shape
3.
It takes 365 days and 6 hours (5hrs 48min and 56sec) to revolve
around the sun.
4.
A year is consisted of 365 days is called ordinary year
5.
The remaining 6 hours is adjusted as one extra day after every
four years which is added to the month of February.
6.
Therefore, every fourth year, February has 29 days & that
year has 366 days.
7.
This year is called a Leap year.
8.
Earth completes one revolution in one year &
divided into 4 seasons – spring (वसन्त),
summer, Winter & Autumn (पतझड़)
Movement of Earth around the
Sun
1. In
the given picture, 4 selected days i.e., 21 March (Position 1), 21 June
(Position 2), 23 Sept (Position 3), and 22 Dec (Position 4).
2. The
day on which the sun shines vertically overhead at the tropic of cancer or
tropic of Capricorn and the duration of the day is longest in the hemisphere,
is called solstice.
3. The
Position 2 & 4 of the earth is Solstice.
4. The
day on which the sun shines vertically overhead at the equator & the
duration of the days & nights are equal, is called equinox.
5. The
Position 1 & 3 of the earth is equinox.
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