People as Resource
People as Resource
||Class 9 Chapter 2 Economics ||
Chapter – 2
People
as Resource
1.
People having some skills &
knowledge in any field who can do some productive work in that field are called
Human capital.
2.
In it, they need some
investment like education, training and medical care.
3.
If we think that it creates
problems to provide the huge population with food, education and access to
health facilities.
4.
But we should also see its
positive aspect (रूप)
that if we provide more education and health facilities to large section of
population then more it will be developed, it is called 'human capital
formation'.
5.
Investment in human resource
(via [के द्वारा]
education and medical care) can give high rates of return in future.
6.
E.g. Green Revolution is a best
example of how the input of greater knowledge in the form of improved
production technologies can rapidly increase the productivity of land
resources.
Economic Activities
1.
These are those activities
which add value to the national income.
2.
It creates production of goods
and services are called economic activities.
3.
These activities have been
classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary.
4.
Primary sector – It includes
agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry (मुर्गीपालन)
farming, mining and quarrying.
5.
Secondary sector – It includes
manufacturing
6.
Tertiary sector – It includes trade,
transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services,
insurance, etc.
7.
Economic activities have two
parts — market activities and non-market activities.
8.
Market activities –The main motive of doing such activities is to earn profit by
selling the output in the market. E.g. production of goods or services,
government service, business etc.
9.
Non-market
activities – These are
those activities which do not include any financial transactions and
done without any intention (उद्देश्य) of earning money or profit. E.g. household work done by a housewife, crops grown by a
farmer for his own family, tutions given by a teacher to his own child etc
Quality of Population
The quality of
population depends upon the literacy (पढ़ने लिखने की योग्यता)
rate, health of a person & it decides the growth rate of the country.
Education
1.
It is an important input for
the growth in the life.
2.
If you will invest in education
now, you will get more success in life, in the form of better job, high salary,
better health care facilities, high status in society etc.
Efforts by the government in education
1.
Government established schools
like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district mainly emphasis (जोर देना)
on girls.
2.
Vocational (व्यवसायिक)
streams have been developed to give large number of high school students with
occupations related to knowledge and skills.
3.
The expenditure on education as
a percentage of GDP rose from 0.64% in 1951–52 to 3.0% in 2015–16 &
constant around 3% from past few years.
4.
The literacy rates have
increased from 18% in 1951 to 74% in 2010-11.
5.
Literacy among males is nearly
16.6% higher than females and it is about 16.1% higher in urban areas as
compared to rural areas.
6.
In 2011, literacy rates varied
from 94% in Kerala to 62% in Bihar.
7.
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan has been
started to provide elementary education to all children in the age group of
6–14 years.
8.
Mid-day meal scheme has also
started for the complete attendance of children and improve their nutritional
status.
9.
Gross Enrolment (नाम दर्ज करना)
Ratio (GER) in higher education in the age group of 18 to 23 years to 25.2% by
2017–18 and to reach the target of 30% by 2020–21.
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